Non-slip or friction-surfaced extensible woven fabric and method of producing said fabric



Oct 7 A w. M MURRAY 2,809,673

N-SURFACED EXTENSIBLE WOVEN NON-SLIP OR FRI'rm FABRIC AND METHOD OF PRODUCING sun FABRIC Filed July 31, 1956 5 INVENTOR Arthur W. McMurruy OZMJ ATTORNEY) United States Patent NON-SLIP OR FRlCTION-SURFACED EXTENSIBLE WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAID FABRIC Application July 31, 1956, Serial No. 601,220 Claims. (Cl. 139-423) This invention relates to friction surfaced or non-slip woven textile fabrics and more specifically to such fabrics which are elastic, i. e. extensible and capable of being restored to their original condition upon release of a stretching force. The improved fabrics of the present invention may be formed in any desired lengths and widths, within the limits of conventional looms, and may be employed in the manufacture of all or a part of a variety of articles, as, for example, wearing apparel, such as foundation garments, bathing suits, and the like. It is not, however, restricted to such use. further relates to a novel method of producing fabrics of the character indicated. This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No. 453,875, filed September 2, 1954, for Non-Slip or Friction-Extensible Surfaced Woven Fabric, and now abandoned.

The use of the uncovered rubber warp threads in the manufacture of extensible friction surfaced or non-slip, elastic woven fabrics has heretofore been suggested, but in pracitce difficulties have been encountered in such manufacture due in part to inability to retain such threads under the appropriate tension during weaving with the result that unevenly woven fabrics having a wavy or undulating cross-section, forming bulges and wrinkles, have been produced. Moreover, it has been found extremely difficult to provide such fabric which will not have a tendency to curl or roll up due to the forces imparted to the fabrics by the rubber warp threads. As a result of these objectional characteristics of the friction surfaced or non-slip woven fabrics as heretofore produced, it has been very difficult to finish them and subsequently cut them into the desired patterns for the production of garments and the like. In addition, it has been necessary to provide the looms used for the production of the fabrics with complicated and expensive devices to apply the desired tensions to the plurality of rubber warp threads in the course of Weaving the fabrics. For this reason the production of such fabrics has been confined largely, if not entirely, to relatively narrow webs or bands.

An important object of this invention is to provide a woven textile fabric having a non-slip or friction surface which is formed by filler or weft threads or yarns formed of a stretchable elastic material, preferably uncovered rubber, while the warp threads of the fabric are of substantially non-elastic and non-extensible material. This has made possible the simple and efficient production of a relatively uniform fabric having the desired properties and which, when relaxed, will lie fiat on a surface. This eliminates the difficulties mentioned above encountered with respect to non-slip fabrics as heretofore proposed. Moreover, the improved friction surfaced or non-slip fabric is capable of being produced on a conventional loom without the addition of the complicated devices referred to above.

In the use of friction surfaced woven fabrics of the character heretofore proposed, in the production of body garments the friction surface of which is to be in contact The invention (iii 2,809,673 Patented Oct. 15, 1957 ice with or close to the skin of the wearer, it has been found that the friction surface frequently chafes or even raises welts upon the skin. This is apparently due, at least in part, to the fact that the friction surface has been provided with widely spaced apart friction areas having projecting bights which tend to rub the skin, and relatively wide depressions between the bights which are not bridged by the skin but, instead, form cavities into which the skin tends to press, thus forming welts on the skin.

Another important object of the invention has been to provide a woven textile fabric having a friction or nonslip surface which is formed upon one face of the fabric by weft threads exposed at this face, preferably in elongated lengths or wales, one closely spaced from or closely adjacent the next, disposed in substantial parallelism with their outermost surfaces normally in substantially the same plane.

A further important object of the invention has been to provide a fabric of the character indicated which has relatively uniform stretchability and, for certain purposes at least, which creates substantial restoring forces when stretched. Toward this end the invention contemplates the provision of additional extensible or elastic weft threads formed of covered rubber or the like disposed in substantial parallelism with the extensible non-slip or friction imparting weft threads formed of uncovered or bare rubber or the like. These covered rubber threads are incorporated in the fabric in interspersed relation with the uncovered rubber weft threads and are so interwoven with the warp threads as to offset or resist the curling or puckering tendencies of the uncovered rubber threads.

In the use of rubber in body garments, as such garments were heretofore constructed, the wearer generally has been subjected to considerable discomfort due to the lack of sufiicient circulation of air over the body to prevent the accumulation of perspiration. Such rubber garments have been constructed to hug the body of the wearer over a relatively large, uninterrupted area, and thus prevent the carrying-off or evaporation of such perspiration. Woven fabrics containing some rubber threads may be so constructed as to permit some so-called breathing of the skin through the fabric in the same manner as other woven fabrics but, if the fabrics contain numerous rubber threads which are so woven that there is no adequate means for the dissipation of perspiration, they are very uncomfortable when worn next to the skin.

As a further object of this invention there is provided a woven fabric, adapted for use in the manufacture of body garments and intended to contact and hug the skin or the wearer, which fabric includes closely spaced apart narrow wales of uncovered rubber, or its equivalent, forming quite narrow but longitudinally elongated wales or ridges outwardly of one face of the fabric with elongated depressions or valleys between the wales or ridges which permit access of air to the skin. These depressions may be of about the same width as the wales or ridges or they may be somewhat wider, for example, two or three times as wide or in some instances even wider. However, a number of wales and depressions should be provided per inch of length of the fabric. There should be at least three wales per inch of warpwise length of the fabric and preferably substantially more. As a consequence the improved fabric will have the desired antislip properties and will not cause chafing. The friction surface as a whole is made to adhere to the skin and does not tend to rub.

In the employment of warp threads of uncovered rubber in fabrics having a friction surfaced side or face, as heretofore proposed, the opposite or so-called fair side or face frequently does not appear to be, and sometimes is not, in fact, smooth or of low friction characteristics. The improved fabric having a non-slip or friction surface on one side or face. in accordance with the invention, however. presents a surface on its fair or outer side or face which is relatively free from friction and has a relatively smooth, pleasing appearance.

Due to the difiiculty of Weaving a fabric containing rubber warp threads under tension, the manufacture of such fabric has been slow and quite costly and has resulted in many rejects. On the other hand, non-slip or friction surfaced fabrics woven in accordance with the invention, embodying uncovered or bare rubber or similar elastic threads having a high co-etficient of friction in relation to the skin or other surface against which they are to be placed, are capable of production with the same facility as ordinary woven fabrics, so that they may be produced quite rapidly and quite inexpensively.

The improved fabric of this invention may be employed in the manufacture of swim suits, shoulder bands for trousers, skirts, dresses, and the like, surgical supports and a variety of other articles. It may be readily made as wide as necessary to produce a large variety of articles in which such fabric has utility. Thus an entire girdle or bathing suit may be made of the fabric, if desired.

Depending upon the use of which the improved fabric is to be put it may vary rather widely in its construction and characteristics. In all forms of the fabric, however, it is important that the construction be such that the uncovered or bare rubber threads or the like which provide the desired non-slip or friction surface will not tend to cause curling. wrinkling or puckering or bulging of the fabric. If the finished fabric is intended to have but little initial confining or restraining force, tending to resist stretching, little tension needs to be applied to the elastic wefts in the course of weaving, and the elastic threads will have little or no tension when the fabric is in its relaxed The relative tensions on the elastic weft threads incorporated. respectively, in the body of such a fabric On the other hand, elastic fabrics intended to have a substantial initial resistance to stretch require the presence of the rubber or other elastic threads to be under a somewhat greater initial tension, when the fabric is in its relaxed body of the fabric, they have a tendency to induce curling toward that face. To offset this it has been found desirable to incorporate in the main body of bare elastic threads. It has also been found highly desirable to achieve this end through the use of covered and uncovered elastic threads which are of substantially til free of tension,

may be such that when the fabric is removed from the loom and subjected to the usual finishing treatments it will assume a width of say 42% inches. It will be understood that the elastic wefts tend to contract the fabric widthwise until the warps are compacted together to such an extent that they will resist the contraction of the material. At this time the covered elastic wefts in a typical fabric may remain under a tension of say 2 grams the uncovered or bare elastic wefts may remain under a tension between about .75 and 1.0 gram per pick.

Depending upon the nature and intended use of the by utilizing the uncovered elastic in the body of the fabric in the manner described herein in mentioned. If this is done, the uncovered rubber wcfts incorporated in the body of the fabric will be substantially completely concealed by the large number of warps passing over and under them. The particular tension relationship been found desirable in connection with a batiste type of fabric involving alternate uncovered and covered rubber having a core of about 95 gauge and uncovered or bare rubber of about 75 gauge.

tional devices over those loom are required. For fabric mentioned above it conventionally provided in a the particular batiste type of tive embodiments of the same which will now be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a weaving diagram showing schematically an arrangement of warp and weft breads providing a typical fabric in accordance with the invention;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of the non-slip or friction surfaced face of the fabric schematically depicted in Figure 1 and illustrates the binding positions of the warp threads in relation to the two types of elastic weft thread; and

Figure 3 is a magnified view of a fragment of the fabric woven in accordance with the diagram of Figures 1 and 2, looking down upon the non-slip or friction surfaced face of the fabric.

In the drawing, which forms a part of this disclosure and illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention, the new fabric is shown to include warp threads 5 which are substantially non-extensible and may be formed of acetate, rayon, nylon, cotton, linen, or wool, for example, or combinations of these.

The fabric also includes weft or filler threads. Extensible weft threads, designated 7, are arranged to provide friction surfaces and are preferably formed of uncovered extensible or elastic material having a relatively high coefficient of friction in relation to the skin of the human body or other surface with which it may be engaged. This extensible and elastic material may be any appropriate elastomer such as natural or synthetic rubber. Elastomers, having appropriate physical properties, prepared from polymerizable conjugated diolefins, halogenated dioletins and combinations of such diolefins and other polymerizable monomers such as styrene or acrylonitrile may be employed. Typical examples of suitable commercial elastomers are those known as GRS rubbers, neoprene, Buna-N or Buna-S. Extensible weft threads, designated as 6, may be covered and formed of an extensible or elastic material either of the same character as or different from that of the friction surfaced extensible weft threads 7. The covered extensible threads may be sheathed or enwrapped with filaments of any suitable material, such as rayon or cotton and may be of greater or less diameter than that of the uncovered extensible weft threads.

It will be understood that the drawing illustrates only one of many possible weaving patterns or designs employing the warp threads 5, shown conventionally as in Figure 2, and weft threads 6 and 7 to provide a non-slip or friction surface upon one side of the fabric while the opposite side or face of the fabric presents very little friction. In this example the weave is a two-thread weft repeat throughout the length of the fabric with two picks of uncovered extensible weft threads 7 alternating with two picks of covered extensible weft threads 6. As illustrated, the uncovered wefts are held down by only every eighth warp thread and are floated across seven intervening warp threads, the particular warp threads which pass over these wefts vary from pick to pick. The covered wefts, on the other hand, pass alternately over and under the successive warps to form the major part of the main body of the fabric and provide substantially all of the exposed low friction or fair face of the same. The arrangement is such as to provide substantially parallel, closely spaced wales 10 of uncovered, extensible weft threads 7, in narrow elongated form, exposed and raised or extending above the backing or the main body of the fabric on one face or side thereof, these wales being interspersed with and separated by narrow depressions or valleys parallel with the wales and extending throughout the width of the fabric. These depressions are formed by relatively small areas 11 of covered extensible wet t thread and the quite small exposed areas 12 of the warp threads where they pass over the covered wefts. Minute elongated depression or valleys 13 may also be formed between the closely adjacent ribs or wales provided by the individual picks of the pairs of adjacent but these are hardly visible. It will be the actual fabric the warp threads 5 will be closely adjacent each other, particularly when the fabric is in its relaxed condition and will be drawn together and compacted by the tension of the weft threads 6 and 7. As indicated above, a typical fabric may have about 275 warp threads to an inch and about 70 weft threads to an inch.

On the face of the uncovered wefts, understood that in fabric opposite to that illustrated in Figure 3 the warp threads 5 and the covered elastic weft threads 6 occupy the great majority of the surface on the so-called fair side of the fabric, while the uncovered elastic weft threads 7 are invisible from the fair side so that the normal or conventional woven appearance of a non-elastic fabric is imparted to this side and its coefficient of friction is low.

When body garments are manufactured from the fabric of this invention they hug the body and do not ride up or slip down because of the presence of the plurality of exposed areas of uncovered weft threads which extend outwardly to a certain extent from the main body or backing of the fabric at the face which is in contact with the skin of the wearer. The plurality of wales of exposed uncovered weft threads provided on the friction or non-slip face of the fabric are distributed over the skin contacting area of the fabric and constitute a large percentage of the area of that face. In the specific fabric illustrated they constitute about 50% of the area of that face.

Other weaving patterns than that illustrated in the drawing may be employed. Thus the number of covered and uncovered extensible or elastic threads in the weft may be varied and the relative number of picks of the plurality of types of weft thread and their relationship in the pattern may be varied.

It will be understood that the term uncovered" as used herein means that the weft thread 7 is not sheathed or wrapped in a jacket of cotton, rayon, or the like and the extensible material itself, such as rubber, is exposed,

In orderto minimize the objectionable effect of needle cutting of the uncovered or bare elastic threads in the course of sewing, which leads to the pulling out or creation of loose ends of such threads, it has been found desirable to employ a weaving pattern in which the floated uncovered elastic wefts are bound into the fabric by more than a single warp thread between the successive fioats. For example, two of the non-elastic warp threads pass over each of the uncovered elastic wefts between the successive long fioats of the uncovered elastic to lock in the uncovered elastic. Thus in a pattern in which two picks of the uncovered elastic and two picks of the covered elastic are used alternately, the uncovered elastic picks may pass under every eighth and tenth warp and be floated over the remaining warps of a group of ten. For the two adjacent picks of uncovered elastic the points at which warps pass over these picks are preferably located in different positions across the width of the fabric. Considering ten warps, the eighth and tenth may, for example, pass over the first pick of uncovered elastic and the third and fifth may pass over the second uncovered elastic pick. It will be understood that one warp passes beneath the uncovered elastic of each pick between the two warps which pass over it and there are then seven adjacent warps which pass under each of the uncovered elastics to provide the relatively long float of the latter up to the next warp that passes over it. On the other hand, every second warp passes over each covered elastic pick while the intervening warps pass under each such pick, and of two adjacent such picks, each warp will pass over one and under the other. This weaving pattern is found to be very satisfactory by employing uncovered elastic thread of gauge running 5400 yards to the pound, and covered elastic thread of gauge running 5,900 yards to the pound.

In certain instances it may be desirable to employ in a fabric a greater number of covered elastic picks than uncovered or bare elastic picks. For example, there may be groups of four covered elastic picks and then two uncovered elastic picks alternately throughout the length of the fabric, or there may be six covered elastic picks and then two uncovered elastic picks in alternate groups throughout the length of the fabric, or any other appropriate grouping of covered picks and uncovered picks. The relative tensions on the uncovered and covered elastic picks should be appropriately selected in accordance with the principles herein set forth, in relation to the specific form of fabric illustrated, to insure the production of a flat lying relaxed fabric.

A typical fabric, made in accordance with the invention, which has been found to have the desired flat-lying unpuckered characteristic when in the relaxed state, and to have other high desirable characteristics, in a batiste. It had the weaving pattern suggested above in which every eighth and tenth warp was passed over the uncovered elastic picks which were arranged in pairs alternately between pairs of covered elastic picks. In this fabric the selvage was formed from 72 ends of warp thread of 150 denier acetate fiber in a two-ply construction. The main body of the fabric contained 11,840 ends of warp thread formed of 150 denier acetate fiber. The weft threads employed in the fabric were covered elastic threads, being covered rubber thread designated IG-7 having a 95 gauge rubber core and a cotton sheath, this thread running 5900 yards to the pound. The uncovered elastic thread was a bare rubber filament of 75 gauge running 5400 yards to a pound. The weft threads were provided in the weaving operation at 32 picks each of covered and uncovered weft to the inch with two picks per repeat. The reed width employed in the weaving operation was 74% inches. The shuttle carrying the covered elastic thread was adjusted to provide a frictional resistance of 45 grams and that carrying the uncovered elastic thread was adjusted to provide a frictional resistance of 7 grams, as determined by a shuttle tension tester. After the fabric was produced and removed from the loom, it was subjected to the usual boiling off and finishing treatments and the resulting fabric had a finished width of 42 /2 inches. In its finished condition it had approximately 70 picks of the covered and uncovered elastic threads per inch of fabric length and 280 warp ends per inch of width in the main body of the fabric.

Determinations were off lay-in, and the finished with the following results:

made of the Greige lay-in, the boillay-in of the two weft threads I Rubber Determinations were also made of the Greige modulus and the finished modulus of the two weft threads. It was found that the uncovered rubber had a Greige modulus of 120 and a finished modulus of 110, showing relatively small change in the elasticity of this thread due to the finishing process. On the other hand, the covered rubber thread was found to have a Greige modulus of 110 and a finished modulus of 55. It will be understood that these values for the modulus are the number of grams required to provide 100% elongation of the threads. Apparently the finishing process has a much greater effect upon the elasticity of the covered rubber thread, probably due to the fact that in this thread the rubber core is under substantial tension when the thread is in its fully contracted condition. The sheath or covering tends to hold the rubber core stretched to the extent of about 100% of its original length.

A sample of the lyzed scope, and then measuring this length by a tracing wheel or map-reading wheel. Measurements were thus made of twenty lengths of the uncovered rubber thread as it lay in the wax embedded fabric. The determinations Increase in length based on fabric length Maximum, Standard l Coefficient Average, Minimum, Percent Percent Percent Deviation, of variation,

Percent; Percent x Having thus determined the average extra length of the uncovered rubber threads in relation to the relaxed, weft- Wise length of the fabric, determinations were made of the actual lengths of the uncovered rubber picks when Increase in length, based on fabric length Maximum, l

1 This thread was shorter than 10 inches after removal from the fabric, thus the change in length was a decrease in length rather than an increase in length.

In a similar manner ten lengths of covered rubber thread were removed from the fabric and the length of these determined in relation to the length of the fabric. Each of these was found to be shorter than the length of the fabric from which it was taken. The following results were obtained:

Increase in length, based on thread lengths Taking into consideration the tortuous path of the uncovered rubber threads through the fabric and the straight path of the covered rubber thread, the following determinations were made as to the extents to which the two threads remained stretched in the fabric:

Yarn length increases, as percent Uncovered Covered Rubber Rubber Thread Thread W M Average, Percent 2. 49 9. 08 Minimum, Percent i 0. i] 6. 67 14. 85 10. 35

Maximum, Percent."

i/inn,

With this information the load necessary to stretch the two types of thread to the average percentage indicated was determined on an Instron machine. However, the threads used in this test were unused and untreated threads of the character embodied in the fabric rather than threads taken from the fabric. Ten threads of each type, each 10 inches long were tested with a full scale capacity of the machine of 10 grams, a cross head speed of 10 inches per minute, a chart speed of inches per minute and a pretensioning load of 0.1 gram to straighten the threads initially. The following results were obtained:

'n n d Uncovered Covered Rubber Rubber Thread Thread Average, grains. D. 78 3. 61 Minimum, grains". 0.00 3. 04 Maximum, grams 3.03 3.88

Bearing in mind that the modulus of the covered rubber is decreased about by the treatment to which the fabric is subjected in finishing it, it appears that for the particular fabric discussed above the uncovered rubber threads in a 10 inch length (weftwise) of the fabric are under an average tension, with the fabric in a relaxed state, of .78 gram whereas the covered rubber threads in the same length of fabric are under an average tension of about 1.80 grams. This relationship was found to provide a fiat lying fabric.

As indicated above, it has been found desirable for the sake of providing a fabric of uniform appearance throughout its area and to insure against curling, bulging, and other deformation of the fabric, when lying relaxed on a fiat surface, to provide approximately the same pick length for the covered and uncovered elastic wefts as the fabric is woven. A much lower frictional drag is required on the uncovered rubber than on the covered rubber to achieve this end.

By the term closely spaced wales is meant a plurality of wales to an inch of length, for example at least three such wales per inch of length of fabric.

While the nature of the invention has been described in considerable detail and various specific examples of fabrics embodying the invention have been disclosed, it will be understood that the specific forms of fabrics constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention may be varied rather widely within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A slip-resisting woven textile fabric adapted for body garments, said fabric having a one-way stretch, said fabric comprising substantially non-stretchable warp thread and covered and uncovered elastic weft threads, with exposed portions of the uncovered weft thread raised, on one side of said fabric, above portions of the warp thread and covered weft thread, whereby said exposed portions provide friction surfaces upon one side of said fabric, and the opposite side of said fabric being substantially smoot -surfaced.

2. A textile fabric according to claim 1 characterized in that said exposed portions are disposed in closely spaced-apart, narrow, and elongated lengths.

3. A textile fabric according to claim 1 characterized in that said exposed portions are disposed in closely spaced-apart, substantially paralleling, narrow, and elon gated lengths.

4. A textile fabric according to claim 1 characterized in that said exposed portions are disposed in closely and substantially evenly spaced-apart narrow wales.

5. A textile fabric according to claim 1 characterized in that said uncovered weft thread is of rubber.

6. A slip-resisting woven textile fabric adapted for body garments, said fabric having a one-way stretch paralleling the weft threads of said fabric, said fabric comprising substantially non-stretchable warp threads and covered and uncovered elastic weft threads, with exposed portions of the uncovered weft thread raised, on only one side of said fabric, above portions of the warp thread and covered weft thread, whereby said exposed portions provide friction surfaces upon one side of said fabric, and the opposite side of said fabric being substantially smoothsurfaced.

7. A flat-lying, friction-surfaced, extensible and elastic woven textile fabric suitable for body garments, including an elastic friction-surfaced weft thread, with exposed portions thereof raised, on only one face of the fabric, above the surface of the body of said fabric in spaced areas thereof, said exposed portions being disposed in closely spaced wales.

8. A slip-resisting woven textile fabric adapted for body garments, said fabric having a one-way stretch and comprising substantially non-stretchable warp threads and uncovered elastic weft threads, with exposed portions of the uncovered weft thread raised, on one side only of said fabric, above portions of the warp thread and covered weft thread, said exposed portions of said uncovered weft thread providing friction surfaces upon one side of said fabric, and the opposite side of said fabric being substantially free of friction surfaces.

9. A textile fabric according to claim 8 characterized in that said covered elastic weft threads extend in substantially straight lines across said fabric in planes perpendicular to the direction of the warp and that said uncovered elastic weft threads extend in sinuous paths across said fabric in planes perpendicular to the direction of the warp.

10. A normally flat-lying, slip-resistant woven elastic fabric, said fabric being stretchable weftwise, said fabric comprising warp thread and bare rubber weft threads, said bare rubber weft threads having a multiplicity of exposed portions per square inch in the plane of the contacting surface of the fabric on only one side thereof, all the threads lying in the contacting surface of the opposite side of said fabric having surfaces that have relatively low slip-resistance.

11. A normally fiat-lying slip-resistant elastic textile fabric which comprises a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of elastic weft threads interwoven with said warp threads, said weft threads being under tension when said fabric is relaxed, one of said weft threads having an outer surface providing a relatively high coefficient of friction in relation to a cooperating surface in contact therewith and a second of said weft threads having an outer surface providing a relatively low coefiicient of friction in relation to a cooperating surface, in contact therewith, the weave of said fabric being such as to expose said one of said weft threads in spaced areas of only one surface of said fabric and being such as to cause said second of said weft threads to apply forces to said fabric which substantially balance the forces imparted thereto by said one of said weft threads.

12. A fabric in accordance with claim ll characterized in that the average tension on the picks of said one of said weft threads is less than the average tension on the picks of said second of said weft threads throughout the length of said fabric when the fabric is relaxed.

13. A fabric in accordance with claim ll characterized 2,809,678 in that the pick length of said one of said weft threads and a second of said weft threads having an outer surface is substantially the same as the pick length of said second providing a relatively low coeflicient of friction in relaof aid weft threads, tion to said cooperating surface, which method comprises 14. A fabric in accordance with claim 11 characterized laying in said one of said weft threads in such manner n that the pick length of said one of said Weft threads is that a substantially great r num f warp t a s W substantially the same as the pick length of said second be positioned n one Sid than on the other side thereof of said weft threads, and 1n that the average tension on laying In said second of said weft threads in such manner the picks of said one of said weft threads is about one that a sllhstfilltlally equal number of Wa p thr ads Will h lf th tension on th p cks f d Second f m ft be positioned on each side thereof and ad usting the fllC- threads throughout the length of said fabric when said tional resistance to the delivery of said weft threads from fabric i rela ed, the shuttles as they lay in the weft threads to provide a 15. A fabric in accordance with claim 11 characterized resistance to the delivery of Said SeCOrld 0f a d W in that the number of warps per inch is a plurality of times threads which is a plurality of times that provided for the number of picks per inch. said one of said weft threads.

16. A friction surfaced woven textile fabric suitable for 15 A method of Producing, 011 a conventional 10 being made up into needle-sewn body garments, said having a plurality of shuttles for the weft threads, a norfabric including a plurality of warp threads and uncovered mally fiat-lying slip-rc is elastic textile fabric, p elastic weft threads with exposed portions of said ung elastic We t th ads which are under tension when covered elastic weft threads raised on one side of said Said fabric is released one of said Weft threads hevmg fabric, and unexposed portions of said uncovered elastic 2 an outer surfa P i g a relatively high coeffieleht 0f weft threads on said one side of said fabric being locked friction In relation to a Cooperating Surface and a SeCOIld in by a plurality of contiguous warp threads, whereby of said weft threads having an outer surface providing a needle cutting ofalocked in uncovered elastic weft thread relatively low fii i nt f friction in relation to said will not caue unravelling nor pulling out from said fabric eoflperafing Surface, Which method Comprises laying in f th m uncovered l ti weft th d said one of said weft threads in such manner that a sub- 17 A h d f d i on a conventional 1 stantially greater number of warp threads will be posihaving a plurality of shuttles for the weft threads, 21 nortiened On One Side than 0!] the other Side thereof, laying mally flat-lying slip-resistant elastic textile fabric, emin said second of said weft threads in such manner that ploying elastic weft threads which are under tension when a Substantially equal number of p threads Will be P id fab i i l d, one f i ft threads h i tioned on each side thereof, and adjusting the frictional an outer surface providing a relatively coefficient of resistance t0 the delivery Of said Weft threads from the friction in relation to a cooperating surface and a second Shuttles as y y in the Weft threads to Provide Such of id weft h d h i an outer urfa e provlding a relative resistance to the delivery of said weft threads that relatively low coefficient of friction in relation to said Said one Of 831d Weft threads and aid Second of said coopgran'ng surface method comprises laying In Weft threads be SO incorporated in the finished relaxed said one of said weft threads in such manner that a subfabric as to exert balancing tensions 011 h fabrie stantially greater number of warp threads Will be posi- 20 A method In accordance Wlth Claim 19 m Wlllch t honed on one d h on the other dg th re f laymg resistance to the delivery of said one of said weft threads in said second of sand weft threads in such manner that is Small and the resistance to the delivery of said Second a substantially equal number f Warp threads will be p081: 40 of said weft threads is substantially greater than the first tioned on each side thereof, and adjusting the frictional named resistanceresistance to the delivery of said weft threads from the shuttles as they lay in the weft threads to provide sub- References C'ted the file of thls Patent stantially equal pick length for said one of said weft UNITED STATES PATENTS threads and said second of said weft threads. 783,628 Gaisman Feb. 28 I905 18. A method of producing, on a conventional loom 1666 686 Chisholm A 1928 pr. having a plurality of shuttles for the weft threads, at nor- 1 706 508 Wilma Mar 26 1929 mally flat-lying slip-resistant elastic textile fabric, em- 2254339 W M y e et al. Sept. 2, 1941 ploying elastic weft threads WhlCh are under tension 2 268 809 De R00n Jan 6 1942 when said fabric is released, one of said weft threads havin an Outer Surface 1 l h 1 Ahl rs Aug. 8, 1950 g me a re a 18 2,638,130 Posson May 5 

